Waste prevention depends fundamentally on changes in the attitudes and behavior of individuals and businesses, and on a transformative shift in industrial processes and product design. Waste prevention refers to practical actions that reduce the quantity of materials prior to materials and products becoming wastes. Waste prevention is therefore fundamentally different from waste management activities, as waste management activities are implemented after materials become waste. Employing waste prevention strategies can effectively reduce the volume of waste that must be managed, placing less strain on local waste collection and management programs. Waste prevention includes Avoidance – eliminating the need for a product or material; Source Reduction – eliminating waste and pollution at source through process changes; and Direct Re-use/Prolonging Use – extending product life, serving as a diversion of waste flows.